Clarifying conflicts of interest in research * Author's response

Clarifying the costs of conflicts of interest.

Conflicts of Interest: Owens’ Response

In the November 2003 issue of EHP, Liu et al. (2003) concluded that " relatively low concentrations of gaseous air pollutants are associated with adverse effects on birth outcomes. " Although this may be true from a purely statistical sense, there appear to be limitations of this research that suggest cautious interpretation of the findings. Liu et al. (2003) evaluated individual-level birth ce...

Conflicts of Interest: Blumberg’s Response

In the November 2003 issue of EHP, Liu et al. (2003) concluded that " relatively low concentrations of gaseous air pollutants are associated with adverse effects on birth outcomes. " Although this may be true from a purely statistical sense, there appear to be limitations of this research that suggest cautious interpretation of the findings. Liu et al. (2003) evaluated individual-level birth ce...

Conflicts of Interest: Gulson’s Response

In the November 2003 issue of EHP, Liu et al. (2003) concluded that " relatively low concentrations of gaseous air pollutants are associated with adverse effects on birth outcomes. " Although this may be true from a purely statistical sense, there appear to be limitations of this research that suggest cautious interpretation of the findings. Liu et al. (2003) evaluated individual-level birth ce...

Conflicts of Interest: Ayotte’s Response

In the November 2003 issue of EHP, Liu et al. (2003) concluded that " relatively low concentrations of gaseous air pollutants are associated with adverse effects on birth outcomes. " Although this may be true from a purely statistical sense, there appear to be limitations of this research that suggest cautious interpretation of the findings. Liu et al. (2003) evaluated individual-level birth ce...